Document 0106
 DOCN  M9490106
 TI    Viral inactivation in platelet concentrates.
 DT    9411
 AU    Dodd RY; American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855.
 SO    Transfus Clin Biol. 1994;1(3):181-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94319513
 AB    Although the current risk of posttransfusion infection is very low in
       North America and Western Europe, there continues to be considerable
       interest in measures to inactivate residual viruses in blood components.
       The human immunodeficiency virus is of greatest concern, but hepatitis C
       virus is also considered to be a significant problem. HTLV-I and -II and
       HBV may also be transmitted by transfusion, although infrequently. It is
       likely that effective inactivation methods will have to reduce viral
       titers by about 6 orders of magnitude, including both viruses found free
       in plasma and those in intracellular compartments. Although it would be
       most desirable to have a single procedure to inactivate viruses in all
       blood components, it appears that different methods may be required for
       plasma, red cells and platelets. To date, the most promising approach
       for platelets appears to be photochemical inactivation. In general,
       photoactive compounds fall into two major groups: photodynamic dyes
       which are activated by visible light and act by oxygen dependent
       generation of reactive molecular species; and ultraviolet-activated
       intercalating compounds which form covalent adducts with nucleic acids.
       We have found that photodynamic inactivators are unable to inactivate
       viruses in platelet concentrates without damaging the platelets. On the
       other hand, we have shown that aminomethyl trimethyl psoralen (AMT),
       when activated by long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA) can inactivate
       more than 5 logs of model viruses and HIV while platelet in vitro
       properties are maintained. Further, unlike photodynamic inactivators,
       AMT is able to inactivate cell-associated and intracellular viruses and
       also prevents the replication of integrated HIV genome sequences, as
       demonstrated by PCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 DE    Blood Platelets/*MICROBIOLOGY  Ficusin/PHARMACOLOGY  Human  Methylene
       Blue  Photosensitizing Agents/PHARMACOLOGY  Platelet
       Transfusion/*ADVERSE EFFECTS  Risk Factors  Ultraviolet Rays  Virus
       Diseases/*TRANSMISSION  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).